Internal combustion engine



Sept. 8, A1942. M. TENDLER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Lmmwmmmmmmwmwmmww.

Filed July 3, 1940 TIIIII Patented Sept. 8, 1942 UNITED STATES .Nrori-tics 4 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for eliminatingnoxious elements of exhaust gases in internal combustion engines.

In United States Letters Patent No. 2,217,241 issued October 8, 1940,there is disclosed a syn tem and an apparatus for destroying noxiouselements such as carbon monoxide, aldehyde and mercaptan, bycontinuously introducing air under pressure into the exhaust ports of aninternal combustion engine, from nozzles or conduits which aresuicientlyclose to the valves or intake ends of the ports to insure that theportions of the exhaust gases into which oxygenizing air is dischargedwill be ignited by flames extending into said ports when the valves areopen. Y

The present application has for its primary purpose the provision of animproved apparatus which will operate under the principles set forth insaid patent but in a4 much more reliable and efficient manner, and besubject to installation Without necessitating the drilling of openingsin the exhaust manifold or changing the construction of the engineparts, by reason of the use of a new form and arrangement of means for vintroducing directly into the exhaust ports a gaseous oxygenizing fluidfor promoting the combustion in said ports of the noxious elements ofthe exhaust gases.

Another purpose of my invention is to provide for treatment of theexhaust gases as aforesaid without restricting the normal flow thereofthrough the exhaust port-s, or overheating or otherwise damaging thevalves; while at the same time insuring that the-introduction of theoxygenizing air takes place in such manner Vas to promote a morethorough combustion than heretofore, whereby destruction of a greaterproportion if not substantially all of the noxious components isattained.

A further purpose is to provide for the introduction of jets ofoxygenizing air into the ex" haust ports so as to form substantiallyconical patterns which ll the ports and are projected towards the valvesfrom tubular or annular noz- A.

zle members lining the discharge ends of the ports. These conical'patterns have their apices centered in the ports but terminate short ofcontact with the valves to avoid overheating or other damage thereof.The tubular nozzle mema bers afford substantially normal andunrestricted communication of the ports with the exhaust manifold andpermit of the connection thereto of air supplying conduits or pipeswithout necesn sitating the extension or passage of the conduits orpipes through the manifold'. Moreover, the tubular nozzles are adaptedto .be secured between the engine block and manifold, like washers orgaskets, and are mounted in and centered by the ports whereby the use ofextraneous fastenings is unnecessary.

My improved apparatus may be said to advantageously provide for thedischarge of the oxygenizing air from the surrounding walls of theexhaust ports between the ends thereof. The air may be discharged toform a curtain directed generally inwardly to meet and therebythoroughly mix with the outflowing exhaust gases at points sufficientlyclose to the valves to insure that the flames from the openingscontrolled by said valves will ignite the mixture and thereby providefor a thorough combustion and destruction of the noxious componentsWithout damaging -the valves.

With the foregoing objects in view, together with such other objects andadvantages as may subsequently appear, the invention is carried in-V toeffect as illustrated by Way of example in the accompanying drawing, inwhich:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of a portion of aninternal combustion engine as wheny equipped with apparatus` embodyingmy invention;

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary enlarged perspective View of the tubular nozzleof my invention shown removed from the engine, and as connected with theair conduit, the nozzle being broken away and sectioned to show thenozzle orifices;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectional'view on the plane of line `-3 3 ofFig. 1;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical secy taken tional View ofamodified form of my invention;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical sectional view of anothermodified form of the invention; K

Fig. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical sectional-view of anothermodified form of thev invention;

Fig. '7 is a fragmentary perspective view of another modied form of theinvention.

With particular reference to the drawing wherein there is partly shown aconventionalinternal combustion engine A having' a substanftiallyL-shaped exhaust port B provided at its intake end with a valve C, theaxial stem D of which extends downwardly through and' ex.- posed in th-eport, it is4 seen that the apparatus embodying my invention primarilyincludes a. tubular or annular member I0 serving as a nozzle Vforintroducing oxygenizing air into said port and also as a coupling andexhaust gas passageway between the outlet end of the port and aconventional exhaust manifold E. In association with or embodied in thistubular nozzle member is discharge jet or orifice forming means II fordischarging directly into and angularly across the exhaust port, butalso in a direction generally toward the valve stem D, a jet pattern orjets of a gaseous oxygenizing fluid under pressure, such as air, andwhich is continuously supplied to the nozzle member from a branch pipeI2 leading from a supply manifold I3 connected with a source of supplyof such gaseous fluid, not shown.

As shown in Figs. l, 2, and 3 the tubular nozzle member IIJ comprises atubular open-ended body I4 adapted to have one end portion extend intothe. discharge end of the exhaust port so as to be circumferentiallyspaced from the surrounding wall of the port, except at the extremity ofsaid end portion where an outstanding peripheral bead or flange I5 makesa close fit with said surrounding wall. Surrounding and formed integralwith the outer end of the body I4 is an annular cup-shaped ange I6 whichis adapted to contact the engine block II around the'outlet end of theport as shown in Figs. 1 and 3 whereby with the flange I5 there isformed an annular air chamber I8 between said body and the surroundingwall of the port. In the body I4 is an opening I9 with which the airfeed pipe I2 is connected and in the connection, it is important to notethat it is unnecessary to form openings in or extend pipes through theexhaust manifold or change the construction of the engine parts in orderto introduce air into the exhaust ports in accordance with thisinvention.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 3 the exhaust manifold E abuts the outer face ofthe flange I6 so that the intake port of the manifold registers with theouter end of the body. inasmuch as the member I0 is seated in theexhaust port and engages the engine' block and exhaust manifold, it isseen that it is held in place by the latter, which has the conventionalfastening elements 2l for securing it to the engine block. It is nowseen that the exhaust gases will pass freely from the exhaust port intothe exhast manifold inasmuch as the member II), offers little or noresistance to the flowof gases.`

The jet or orifice forming means hereinbeiore designated II to someextent is embodied in the construction for forming the annular airchamber but is primarily provided by means of circular series of minuteorifices 22 formed in the body I4 at the juncture thereof with theperipheral flange I5, said orifices being inclined as shown in Figs. 2and 3 so that the air jets will be directed angularly crosswise of theport and converge at the center of the port. Ihese jets are dischargedfrom points within and surrounding the port, somewhat toward the valvestem D but converge short of said stem and thereby form a conicalpattern or curtain of air, occupying the full cross sectional area ofthe port, so that the hot and flame containing portion of the exhaustgases will be oxygenized sufficiently to insure that combustion of thenoxious elements thereof will take place. As pointed out in my patenthereinbefore identified, it is necessary that the nozzle be close to theinner portions of the port in order that jets of air will oxygenize theexhaust gases at Vpoints where the flame extending into the port willignite the resultant` mixture.

In the present apparatus, the tubular nozzle I0 is extended directlyinto and surrounds the port and this insures that the air jets willoxygenize the exhaust gases in the flame zone of the port and that theresultant mixture will be ignited whereby to destroy by combustionwithin the port the noxious elements of the gases.

As in my patent, the present apparatus in continuously discharging airunder pressure in the particular manner here provided, effectivelyscavenges the exhaust system when the exhaust valves are closed, andalso keeps the exhaust ports charged with oxygenizing air so thateffective destruction of the noxious components by combustion in theports will take place immediately the exhaust valves are opened andcontinue as long as such components of the exhaust gases are present inthe ports.

It should be noted that while I have shown but one of the tubular nozzleI0 and its associated elements, it is obvious that one of these nozzleunits is used for each exhaust port of the engine and that such unitsmay be readily incorporated with internal combustion engines of varioustypes and other than here shown, as within the scope and purview of theinvention shown, described and claimed in this application.

One feature of advantage afforded by the apparatus of my invention isthat it is unnecessary to modify, alter or change the construction ofthe engine in order to attach the apparatus thereto, since it isapparent that it is only necessary to remove the exhaust manifold, fitthe nozzles II) in the exhaust ports, then replace the manifold andconnect the air supply manifold I3 to a suitable source to install myapparatus on an engine.

Referring to Fig. 4, it is seen that a modified form of my invention maytake the form of a tubular body or nozzle member 24 having an annularcup flange 25 at its outer end adapted to engage gaskets 25 set in anannular recess 26 in the outer face 21 of the engine 28. The body 24extends into and is circumferentially spaced from the wall of theexhaust port 29 to form an annular air chamber 30. Air is supplied tothis chamber from a source under pressure, not shown, through a pipe 3lconnected with the body 24 between the manifold 32 and engine 28. A ring33 is seated against a shoulder 34 formed by a counter-bore 35 in thewall of the exhaust port and has a beveled inner face 36 which isdisposed in outwardly spaced relation to the beveled annular face 3'I onthe inner end of the body 24. These beveled faces denne between them anannular orifice through which a conical jet of air is discharged fromthe air chamber 30 directly into the port. In order to vary the size ofthe annular orifice the gaskets 25' are used as shims whereby the body24 may be adjusted longitudinally to vary the spacing of the beveledfaces 36 and 31. This form of the invention operates in the same manneras the previously described form but differs therefrom in that it has anannular air discharge orifice formed between the ring 33 and the innerend of the body 24 and also in that it requires the formation of thegasket recess 26 and the counterbore 35.

As shown in Fig. 5 another modied form of the invention is the same asthat shown in Fig. 4 except that the ring 33 is omitted. As the partsare alike in the forms shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the same referencecharacters are used but in Fig. 5 are distinguished by the character a.In orntting the ring the shoulder 34a is beveled whereby the annulardischarge orifice 31a. is formed between the inner end of the body 24aand said shoulder. This modification operates in the same manner as theother forms of my invention as hereinbefore described.

In Fig. 6 I have shown another form of my invention in which certainparts are built-in. This form is particularly adapted for use in factoryinstallations. As here provided a tubular nozzle member 40 iscountersunk in the engine block 4 I, the exhaust port 42 being providedwith counter bores 43 and 44 respectively receiving the body 45 of thetubular member 40 and an annular flange 46 on the outer end of saidbody. The body 45 is spaced circumferentially of the surrounding wall ofthe port 42 to form an annular air chamber 41 supplied with air frompassages 48 formed in the engine block and connected with a source ofsupply under pressure, not shown.

The exhaust manifold 49 is connected with the engine block in theconventional manner and holds the tubular member 40 in place in the samemanner as in the other forms of my invention hereinbefore described. Theinner end of the body 45 is beveled as at 50 and is opposed to a beveledshoulder 5I at the inner end of the counterbore 43 whereby t0 provide anannular discharge orifice as in the form of the invention shown in Figs.4 and 5. This form of my invention operates in the same manner as thoseshown in Figs. 4 and 5.

Yet another modification as shown in Fig. '7 comprises a tubular body 53similar to the one in Fig. 5. In this form the cup flange 54 surroundingthe outer end of the body is provided with laterally extending aperturedears 55 to provide for bolting the unit to the engine block in anysuitable manner which it is not deemed necessary to illustrate. The airsupply pipe 56 leads into the air chamber 51, at the top of the flange54. This form of my invention may be more desirable than the others forcertain types of engines but operates and is installed in the samemanner, as is obvious.

While I have shown and described specific embodiments of my invention Ido not limit myself to the exact details of construction set forth, andthe invention embraces such changes, modifications and equivalents ofthe parts and their formation and arrangement as come within the purviewof the appended claims.

I claim:

1. An apparatus for eliminating noxious components of exhaust gases ininternal combustion engines, including an open ended tubular memberadapted t0 extend into the discharge end of an exhaust port of such anengine and to establish an unrestricted exhaust gas pasasgeway from theport to the exhaust manifold, said member being adapted to be spacedfrom the wall of the port to form an air chamber extending into thedischarge end of said port, means for supplying air to said chamber, andmeans in association with said member for defining an outlet within saiddischarge end for discharging air inwardly from said discharge end, saidoutlet being arranged to lie suiciently close to the portion of the portinto which ames extend from the engine cylinder to insure that theportions of the exhaust gases into which the air is discharged will beignited by said ames.

2. In combination with an internal combustion engine, including acylinder, an exhaust port, a valve at the inner end of said port and anexhaust manifold at the outer end of said port; a tubular member open atits ends and having one end disposed within said port and its other incommunication with said manifold for affording normal egress of gasesfrom the port to the manifold, means associated with said member fordefining an air chamber which extends into and surrounds the outer endof said port, means for supplying air to said chamber, and meansassociated with said member for defining an outlet within said outer endfor discharging air into said port in a direction toward said valve forsupporting combustion within said port, the air from said chamber.

3. In combination with an internal combustion engine having cylindersand exhaust ports therein and an exhaust manifold, of members disposedbetween the exhaust ports and the manifold and having passages thereinaffording normal communication between the said ports and said manifold,means providing air chambers in association with said members, means forintroducing air under pressure into said chambers, and air dischargemeans for discharging air from points in said chambers located withinsaid ports for promoting combustion therein of noxious elements ofexhaust gases, the means providing said air chambers including portionsof said air chambers including portions of said members extended intoand spaced circumferentially from portions of the Walls surrounding saidports, and other portions on said members abutting said cylinders atpoints surrounding said ports and closing the outer ends of the spacesbetween the aforesaid circumferentially spaced portions.

4. In combination with an internal combustion engine having cylindersand exhaust ports therein and an exhaust manifold, of members disposedbetween the exhaust ports and the manifold and having passages thereinaffording normal communication between the said ports and said manifold,means providing air chambers in association with said members, means forintroducing air under pressure into said chambers, and air dischargemeans for discharging air from said chambers into said ports forpromoting combustion therein of noxious elements of exhaust gases, saidair discharge means providing for introduction of the air from the wallssurrounding the passages in said members, and angularly into and in adirection towards the inner ends of said ports, said means providingsaid air chambers including portions of said members extending into andcircumferentially spaced from portions of the walls of said port, andannular portions on said members having cylinder-engaging facesextending at right angles to the longitudinal axes of said members andengaging said cylinders at points surrounding said ports for closing theouter ends of the spaces defined between said opposed portions.

MAX TENDLER.

